1. Columbus Submarket Rents & Market Overview
Columbus has emerged as one of the top-performing commercial real estate markets in the Midwest, driven by population growth exceeding 15% over the past decade, a diversified economy anchored by technology, healthcare, insurance, and now advanced manufacturing. According to CBRE Columbus market reports, the metro absorbed over 2.8 million SF of office space in 2025 and industrial absorption topped 12 million SF — much of it driven by Intel supply chain demand.
| Submarket | Office Asking Rent | Typical Tenant | Vacancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Short North / Italian Village | $38–$42/SF | Tech startups, creative agencies, VC firms | ~14% |
| Downtown / Capitol Square | $36–$42/SF | Government, law firms, insurance HQs | ~20% |
| Franklinton / Scioto Peninsula | $32–$38/SF | Tech, design, arts-adjacent firms | ~16% |
| Dublin / Bridge Park | $28–$34/SF | Corporate HQs, fintech, professional services | ~12% |
| New Albany / Intel Corridor | $26–$32/SF | Semiconductor suppliers, logistics, flex-office | ~8% |
| Easton / Polaris | $22–$28/SF | Retail HQs, call centers, back-office ops | ~15% |
| Grandview / Upper Arlington | $24–$30/SF | Medical offices, boutique professional firms | ~11% |
The Columbus market is defined by a stark split: office space offers moderate tenant leverage with vacancy around 18% downtown, while industrial space is one of the tightest markets in the country, driven by Intel's massive supply chain buildout. Tenants must understand which side of that divide they fall on before entering negotiations.
2. Intel Fab Impact on Industrial & Logistics CRE
Intel's decision to build its $20B+ semiconductor fabrication campus on a 1,000-acre site in New Albany is the largest single private-sector investment in Ohio history and has fundamentally reshaped the Columbus commercial real estate market. The fab is expected to employ 3,000+ workers directly and generate an estimated 10,000–15,000 indirect jobs across the supply chain.
Supply Chain Demand Cascade
Semiconductor fabrication requires an enormous ecosystem of suppliers, from specialty gas providers and chemical distributors to precision equipment manufacturers and clean-room HVAC specialists. Over 50 supplier companies have announced plans to locate facilities within a 60-minute drive of the Intel campus, creating unprecedented demand for:
- Class A logistics/distribution: 500,000+ SF bulk facilities for materials handling
- Specialized industrial: Clean-room adjacent, chemical storage, and hazmat-certified facilities
- Flex industrial: 20,000–80,000 SF buildings combining warehouse with office/lab space
- Cold storage and controlled environment: Specialty chemical storage requiring temperature regulation
Intel Corridor Industrial Economics — 50,000 SF Logistics Facility:
2022 rent (pre-Intel announcement): 50,000 SF × $4.50/SF NNN = $225,000/year
2026 rent (Intel effect): 50,000 SF × $7.50/SF NNN = $375,000/year
Rent increase: $150,000/year (+67%)
NNN expenses (taxes, insurance, CAM): ~$2.25/SF = $112,500/year
Total occupancy cost: $375,000 + $112,500 = $487,500/year ($9.75/SF effective)
Red flag — Intel corridor lease terms: Landlords in the New Albany/Intel corridor are demanding 7–10 year minimum lease terms with annual escalations of 3.5–4%. Before 2023, standard industrial leases in this area were 3–5 years with 2–2.5% escalations. Run the full-term math: a 50,000 SF space at $7.50/SF with 3.5% annual escalations costs $4.35 million over 10 years versus $2.49 million over the same period at the old $4.50/SF with 2.5% escalations. That is a $1.86 million premium attributable to Intel-driven demand.
Speculative Construction Pipeline
CBRE Columbus reports over 8 million SF of speculative industrial construction in the pipeline along the I-70 East and I-270 corridors, with completion dates stretching into 2027. Despite this pipeline, pre-leasing rates exceed 60%, meaning most new space is spoken for before completion. Tenants seeking industrial space near the Intel campus should expect to negotiate build-to-suit or pre-lease arrangements 12–18 months ahead of occupancy.
3. ORC §1923 Forcible Detainer & Ohio Eviction Law
Ohio's forcible entry and detainer statute, codified at Ohio Revised Code §1923, governs the commercial eviction process. Unlike some states that provide extensive cure periods and tenant protections, Ohio's framework is relatively landlord-friendly — making it critical for commercial tenants to understand their rights and negotiate additional protections in the lease itself.
Grounds for Forcible Detainer (ORC §1923.02)
A landlord may bring a forcible entry and detainer action when:
- Nonpayment of rent: Tenant has failed to pay rent when due
- Holdover: Tenant remains in possession after lease expiration or termination
- Lease violation: Tenant has breached a material term of the lease
- Drug activity: Illegal drug manufacturing or distribution on premises (ORC §1923.02(A)(9))
- Forcible entry/detention: Tenant gained or maintains possession by force or threat
The 3-Day Statutory Notice (and Why Your Lease Should Say 10 Days)
Under Ohio statutory law, the notice requirement for commercial nonpayment is remarkably short — just 3 days. ORC §1923.04 requires the landlord to serve a written notice giving the tenant 3 days to vacate (not to cure — to vacate) before filing the forcible entry and detainer action. However, most sophisticated Columbus commercial leases contractually extend this period:
- Statutory minimum: 3-day notice to vacate (ORC §1923.04)
- Typical commercial lease provision: 10-day notice to cure nonpayment before landlord may exercise remedies
- Negotiated position for creditworthy tenants: 15–30 day notice and cure period with additional 15-day cure period for non-monetary defaults
Red flag — the 3-day trap: If your Columbus commercial lease does not specifically override ORC §1923.04's 3-day notice provision, the landlord can serve a 3-day notice to vacate the moment rent is late — with no right to cure. Always negotiate an explicit cure period (minimum 10 days for monetary defaults, 30 days for non-monetary defaults) that supersedes the statutory minimum.
The Eviction Timeline
Once the notice period has expired and the tenant has not cured, the Ohio eviction process proceeds as follows:
- Filing: Landlord files complaint for forcible entry and detainer in municipal court (Franklin County Municipal Court for most Columbus locations)
- Service: Tenant must be personally served or served by posting and mail; service by certified mail is also permitted
- Answer: Tenant has 28 days from service to file an answer (ORC §1923.061)
- Trial: The court schedules a hearing, typically within 2–4 weeks of the answer deadline
- Judgment and writ: If landlord prevails, the court issues a writ of restitution; tenant typically has 3–5 days to vacate
- Total timeline: Approximately 4–8 weeks from filing to possession, assuming no appeals
Ohio Forcible Detainer Timeline — Nonpayment Scenario:
Day 1: Rent due, not paid
Day 2–4: 3-day statutory notice served (or 10-day contractual notice)
Day 12: Notice period expires (assuming 10-day contractual cure period)
Day 13–15: Landlord files complaint in Franklin County Municipal Court
Day 15–20: Tenant served with complaint
Day 48: Answer deadline (28 days from service)
Day 62–76: Trial hearing
Day 65–81: Writ of restitution issued and executed
Total: ~65–81 days from missed rent to eviction
Self-Help Prohibition and Landlord Duty to Mitigate
Ohio law prohibits self-help eviction. A landlord cannot change locks, remove tenant property, shut off utilities, or physically bar access to the premises without a court order. If a landlord engages in self-help, the tenant may be entitled to damages, injunctive relief, and attorney's fees. This is one of the strongest tenant protections in Ohio commercial lease law.
However, Ohio courts have traditionally held that commercial landlords have no statutory duty to mitigate damages upon tenant default. This means the landlord can leave the space vacant and sue the tenant for the full remaining lease term's rent. This makes it essential to negotiate an express mitigation clause requiring the landlord to use commercially reasonable efforts to re-let the premises upon default.
Lease negotiation tip: Negotiate a provision that explicitly (1) prohibits landlord self-help with attorney's fees for violations, (2) requires landlord to mitigate damages upon default, and (3) provides that landlord must give written notice and an opportunity to cure before accelerating rent or drawing on a security deposit or letter of credit.
4. Medical Campus Spillover: Nationwide Children's & OSU
Columbus is home to two of the most significant medical campuses in the Midwest: Nationwide Children's Hospital (one of the top-ranked pediatric hospitals in the nation) and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, which together employ over 40,000 workers and rank among the top five employers in Central Ohio.
Impact on Nearby Commercial Real Estate
The expansion of both institutions is creating significant CRE demand in surrounding neighborhoods:
- Medical office space: Specialty practices, clinical research firms, and allied health providers cluster within a 1–2 mile radius, pushing medical office rents to $28–$36/SF gross in the University District and Livingston Avenue corridors
- Retail and food service: Employee-serving retail (restaurants, pharmacies, convenience) near campus entrances commands premium rents of $24–$32/SF NNN
- Lab and R&D space: Ohio State's Innovation District is spurring demand for wet lab and biotech incubator space at $35–$45/SF modified gross
- Workforce housing spillover: Related residential development is indirectly tightening nearby commercial land availability, pushing rents on adjacent retail and office parcels
Medical Office Economics — 5,000 SF Near Nationwide Children's:
Base rent: 5,000 SF × $32/SF gross = $160,000/year
Build-out for medical use (exam rooms, ADA compliance): $85/SF = $425,000
TI allowance from landlord: $30/SF = $150,000
Tenant out-of-pocket for build-out: $275,000
Amortized over 10-year term: $27,500/year ($5.50/SF additional effective cost)
True effective occupancy cost: $37.50/SF
Opportunity: Tenants providing healthcare-adjacent services (medical billing, health IT, clinical staffing, specialty pharmacy) should target the Livingston Avenue / Parsons Avenue corridors south of Nationwide Children's, where Class B office space runs $18–$24/SF — a 40% discount to downtown rates with direct proximity to a 12,000+ employee hospital campus.
5. Columbus2020 & Ohio Economic Development Incentives
Columbus has one of the most aggressive economic development programs in the Midwest, coordinated through Columbus2020 (now rebranded as One Columbus) and the state-level JobsOhio program. Commercial tenants committing to job creation and capital investment can access substantial incentives that materially reduce occupancy costs.
Key Incentive Programs
- Job Creation Tax Credit (JCTC): A refundable tax credit equal to 1.5% of new annual payroll for up to 15 years; requires creating a minimum of 10 new full-time positions
- Community Reinvestment Area (CRA): Property tax abatement of 50–100% for up to 15 years on new construction or renovation; available in designated CRA zones including Franklinton, Linden, and portions of the Near East Side
- Enterprise Zone (EZ): Real and personal property tax exemptions of up to 75% for 10 years in designated zones
- Tax Increment Financing (TIF): Active TIF districts in Franklinton, Arena District, and downtown divert incremental property tax revenue to infrastructure improvements
- JobsOhio grants and loans: Direct grants of $1,000–$5,000 per new job for qualifying industries; low-interest loans for facility improvements
- Ohio Research and Development Tax Credit: 7% credit on qualifying R&D expenditures exceeding the base amount
Incentive Stack — Tech Company, 50 New Jobs in Franklinton CRA:
Average salary: $85,000 × 50 employees = $4,250,000 annual payroll
JCTC (1.5% of payroll, 10 years): $63,750/year = $637,500 total
CRA property tax abatement (100%, 15 years): ~$3.50/SF/year saved
On 15,000 SF space: $52,500/year = $787,500 total
JobsOhio grant ($3,000/job): $150,000
Total incentive value: $1,575,000 over the incentive period
Red flag — clawback provisions: Nearly all Columbus and Ohio incentives include clawback provisions. If you fail to meet job creation or retention commitments, you may be required to repay a pro rata share of incentives received. Ensure your lease allows early termination or downsizing without triggering incentive clawbacks, or negotiate that the landlord shares clawback risk if the lease restricts your ability to meet commitments.
6. TI Allowances, Free Rent & Concessions
Columbus office concessions vary significantly between the tight suburban markets and the softer downtown/CBD market. The industrial market, driven by Intel demand, offers virtually zero concessions.
| Concession | Downtown / Short North Class A | Franklinton / Grandview | Dublin / Suburban | Industrial (Intel Corridor) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TI allowance | $40–$55/SF | $30–$45/SF | $25–$40/SF | $5–$10/SF |
| Free rent (7-yr deal) | 6–10 months | 5–8 months | 3–6 months | 0–1 month |
| Free rent (10-yr deal) | 8–14 months | 7–11 months | 5–9 months | 1–2 months |
| Build-out cost | $65–$120/SF | $55–$100/SF | $45–$85/SF | $30–$60/SF |
Concession Value — 8,000 SF Short North 7-Year Office Lease:
Base rent: 8,000 SF × $40/SF = $320,000/year
Free rent (8 months): $320,000 × (8/12) = $213,333
TI allowance: 8,000 SF × $45/SF = $360,000
Total concession value: $573,333
Net effective rent: ($2,240,000 − $213,333) ÷ 7 yrs ÷ 8,000 SF = $36.19/SF net effective
7. Submarket Deep Dive & Comparison
Short North / Italian Village
Columbus's hottest office submarket, the Short North corridor along High Street from the Arena District to OSU's campus, has transformed into the city's tech and creative hub. Venture-backed startups, design agencies, and fintech firms compete for Class A space in adaptive reuse buildings. Retail ground-floor rents run $30–$40/SF NNN, and tenant demand consistently outpaces available inventory. Vacancy at ~14% is the lowest of any Columbus office submarket.
Franklinton / Scioto Peninsula
Franklinton is Columbus's emerging tech district, benefiting from TIF-funded infrastructure investment and CRA tax abatements. The Scioto Peninsula mixed-use development is adding 500,000+ SF of office and retail. Class A office rents of $32–$38/SF are 10–15% below Short North, making it the value play for tenants priced out of the tightest submarkets.
New Albany / Intel Corridor
The New Albany submarket has been completely transformed by Intel's fab announcement. What was once a quiet suburban corporate campus area is now the epicenter of Central Ohio's industrial boom. Office vacancy has plummeted to ~8%, and industrial vacancy is below 4%. Tenants here face landlord-favorable conditions across all property types.
| Feature | Short North | Downtown | Franklinton | Dublin | New Albany | Easton/Polaris | Grandview |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office rent | $40/SF | $39/SF | $35/SF | $31/SF | $29/SF | $25/SF | $27/SF |
| Industrial rent | N/A | N/A | $6.50/SF | $6.00/SF | $7.50/SF | $5.75/SF | N/A |
| Office vacancy | ~14% | ~20% | ~16% | ~12% | ~8% | ~15% | ~11% |
| TI allowance | $45–$55/SF | $40–$55/SF | $30–$45/SF | $30–$40/SF | $20–$30/SF | $20–$35/SF | $25–$35/SF |
| Incentives | Limited | TIF / CRA | CRA / TIF | CRA zones | EZ / JCTC | Limited | Minimal |
| Transit | COTA + bike | COTA hub | COTA limited | Car-dependent | Car-dependent | Car-dependent | COTA limited |
| Tenant profile | Tech, creative | Gov't, law, insurance | Tech, design | Corporate HQs | Semiconductor, logistics | Retail HQs, BPO | Medical, boutique |
8. Columbus Lease Structure Norms
Columbus lease structures follow Midwest conventions but with some local nuances:
- Office (downtown/Short North): Modified gross with base year expense stop — tenant pays base rent plus escalations above the base year for operating expenses, taxes, and insurance
- Office (suburban): Full-service gross or modified gross — suburban landlords tend to bundle more expenses into base rent
- Retail: NNN (triple net) — tenant pays pro rata share of property taxes, insurance, and CAM in addition to base rent
- Industrial: NNN or absolute net — particularly in the Intel corridor, landlords are pushing absolute net structures where the tenant bears virtually all expenses including structural maintenance
Franklin County Property Tax Considerations
Ohio property taxes are administered at the county level. Franklin County's effective commercial property tax rate runs approximately 1.8–2.2% of market value, translating to roughly $5–$8/SF in pass-through costs for Class A office. This is meaningfully lower than Cook County (Chicago) but still a significant cost item that tenants must model into their total occupancy cost calculations.
Total Occupancy Cost — 10,000 SF Downtown Columbus Office:
Base rent: $40/SF = $400,000/year
Operating expense escalation (above base year): ~$2.50/SF = $25,000/year
Property tax escalation: ~$1.50/SF = $15,000/year
Electricity/utilities (tenant-metered): ~$2.00/SF = $20,000/year
Parking (80 spaces @ $135/mo): $10,800/month = $129,600/year
Total occupancy cost: $589,600/year ($58.96/SF effective)
Red flag — parking costs: Downtown Columbus parking is a hidden cost multiplier. Surface lots are disappearing as development accelerates, and structured parking runs $100–$150/month per space. For a 50-person office, parking alone can add $60,000–$90,000/year. Negotiate parking ratios and rates into the lease, and cap annual parking rate increases at 3% or tie them to CPI.
9. 6 Red Flags in Columbus Commercial Leases
Red Flag #1 — No contractual cure period: If your lease relies solely on ORC §1923's 3-day statutory notice for nonpayment, you have almost no time to cure. Insist on a minimum 10-day monetary cure period and 30-day non-monetary cure period explicitly written into the lease. Without this, a single late rent payment can trigger eviction proceedings within a week.
Red Flag #2 — Intel corridor escalation rates: Landlords near New Albany are embedding 3.5–4% annual escalations into industrial leases, capitalizing on Intel-driven demand. Over a 10-year term, this compounds dramatically. Model the full-term cost and compare against more moderate escalation rates in adjacent submarkets (Easton, Rickenbacker) where 2.5–3% is still achievable.
Red Flag #3 — CRA abatement not passed through: If your building sits in a Community Reinvestment Area and receives a property tax abatement, confirm the abatement benefit flows through to you as the tenant. Some landlords pocket the CRA abatement while still charging full estimated property taxes as pass-throughs. Require your lease to state that property tax pass-throughs reflect actual taxes paid, net of any abatements.
Red Flag #4 — Absolute net industrial leases: Intel corridor landlords increasingly demand absolute net leases where the tenant is responsible for structural maintenance, roof replacement, and HVAC capital expenditures. For a 50,000 SF industrial building, roof replacement alone can cost $250,000–$400,000. Negotiate a cap on structural maintenance obligations or require the landlord to maintain the roof and structure.
Red Flag #5 — Incentive clawback pass-through: Some Columbus landlords receive economic development incentives tied to the building but pass clawback risk to the tenant. If the tenant downsizes or terminates early, the landlord may seek to recover lost incentives from the tenant. Ensure the lease clearly allocates incentive clawback risk to the party that controls the incentive agreement.
Red Flag #6 — Parking rate escalation without cap: Leases that allow uncapped parking rate increases can expose tenants to dramatic cost growth as downtown Columbus surface lots are converted to development. A parking allocation that costs $100/space/month today could reach $175/space/month by year 7 without a cap. Always negotiate a maximum annual parking rate increase of 3% or CPI.
10. Major Corporate Players & Campus Dynamics
Columbus's commercial real estate market is shaped by several anchor corporations whose campus footprints and expansion plans influence submarket dynamics:
- Nationwide Insurance: Headquarters campus in downtown Columbus occupying 3+ million SF; Nationwide's presence anchors the downtown office market and sets the benchmark for Class A rents. Their ongoing campus consolidation from suburban offices back to downtown has tightened CBD vacancy.
- L Brands / Bath & Body Works: Corporate campus in the Morse Road/Easton area; the split of L Brands created a second major corporate tenant in the submarket, and Bath & Body Works' strong performance has driven campus expansion and hiring that tightens nearby office inventory.
- Huntington Bancshares: Major downtown presence following the 2021 TCF Financial merger; Huntington's expanded footprint anchors the Arena District and provides a baseline of demand for Class A downtown office product.
- Ohio State University: Over 60,000 students and 30,000+ employees; the Innovation District development along Olentangy River Road is adding over 1 million SF of research, office, and mixed-use space that will reshape the University District submarket.
- Nationwide Children's Hospital: Continuous expansion along Livingston Avenue, driving demand for medical office and healthcare-adjacent commercial space throughout the Near South Side and German Village.
- Intel Corporation: The $20B+ New Albany fab campus is transforming the eastern Columbus suburbs into a semiconductor industry cluster, with ripple effects felt across every commercial property type within 30 miles.
Market intelligence: When Nationwide, Huntington, or Bath & Body Works announce lease expirations or campus consolidations, large blocks of sublease space hit the market, temporarily depressing rents in the affected submarket. CBRE Columbus and JLL Columbus both track major lease expirations. If you can time your entry to coincide with a major block coming available, you gain significant negotiating leverage on both rent and concessions.
11. 12-Item Columbus Commercial Tenant Checklist
- Negotiate explicit cure periods — override ORC §1923's 3-day statutory notice with a minimum 10-day monetary and 30-day non-monetary cure period in the lease
- Require landlord duty to mitigate — Ohio law does not require landlords to mitigate damages; include an express mitigation clause requiring commercially reasonable re-letting efforts upon default
- Model total occupancy cost — add operating escalations, property tax pass-throughs ($5–$8/SF), parking ($100–$150/space/month), and utilities to base rent for true cost comparison
- Check CRA/EZ/TIF status — determine if the building receives economic development incentives and ensure benefits pass through to you as the tenant, not pocketed by landlord
- Apply for JCTC and JobsOhio incentives — if creating 10+ new jobs, stack Job Creation Tax Credits with CRA property tax abatements for maximum savings; applications must be filed before starting operations
- Cap escalation rates — negotiate 2.5–3% annual escalation caps for office leases; push back on 3.5–4% rates in the Intel corridor by benchmarking against adjacent submarkets
- Secure parking rate caps — cap annual parking rate increases at 3% or CPI and lock in your parking ratio for the full lease term
- Negotiate generous TI and free rent — downtown Columbus vacancy at 18% supports aggressive concession asks; benchmark against CBRE market data for your submarket
- Tie rent commencement to substantial completion — Columbus permitting through the Department of Building and Zoning can take 4–10 weeks; never tie rent start to a calendar date
- Review absolute net provisions for industrial — push back on tenant responsibility for roof, structure, and HVAC capital replacements; negotiate landlord obligations or a capital expenditure cap of $2–3/SF/year
- Negotiate sublease and assignment flexibility — ensure reasonable consent standards, exclude affiliate transfers from landlord approval, and prohibit landlord profit-sharing on sublease rent premiums
- Include self-help prohibition — explicitly prohibit landlord from changing locks, removing property, or cutting utilities without a court order, with attorney's fees remedy for violations
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does office space cost in Columbus Ohio in 2026?
Columbus Class A downtown office rents range from $38–$42/SF gross in the Short North/Italian Village and Downtown/Capitol Square submarkets. Suburban Class A in Dublin/Bridge Park runs $28–$34/SF, while Easton/Polaris corridors average $22–$28/SF. The New Albany/Intel corridor is seeing rapid rent growth in flex-office at $26–$32/SF as Intel supply chain tenants flood the submarket.
What is the eviction process for commercial tenants in Ohio?
Ohio uses the forcible entry and detainer statute under ORC §1923. For nonpayment, the landlord must serve a written 3-day notice to vacate (though most commercial leases contractually extend this to 10 days). After the notice period, the landlord files in municipal court. Ohio prohibits self-help eviction — landlords cannot lock out tenants without a court order. The typical timeline from filing to writ of restitution is 4–8 weeks.
How is Intel's Ohio fab plant affecting Columbus commercial real estate?
Intel's $20B+ semiconductor fabrication campus in New Albany is driving massive demand for industrial and logistics space along the I-70/I-270 corridors, pushing industrial rents from $4.50/SF NNN (2022) to $7.00–$8.50/SF NNN in 2026. Over 50 supplier companies have announced Columbus-area facilities, and speculative warehouse construction has surged to over 8 million SF in the pipeline.
What economic development incentives are available for Columbus commercial tenants?
Columbus2020 (now One Columbus) coordinates regional incentives including Job Creation Tax Credits (1.5% of new payroll for up to 15 years), CRA property tax abatements of 50–100% for up to 15 years, Enterprise Zone tax exemptions, and TIF districts in Franklinton and downtown. Ohio's JobsOhio also provides grants and low-interest loans for qualifying businesses. A well-structured incentive stack can exceed $1.5 million over the incentive period.
What industrial lease rates should I expect near the Intel campus in New Albany?
Industrial NNN rents in the New Albany/Intel corridor have surged to $7.00–$8.50/SF NNN for Class A logistics and distribution space in 2026, up from $4.50–$5.50/SF just three years ago. Cold storage and specialized facilities command $9.00–$12.00/SF NNN. Vacancy in the corridor has dropped below 4%, and pre-leasing rates on new construction exceed 60%.
Is Columbus a tenant-favorable or landlord-favorable market in 2026?
Columbus is a split market. Office space is moderately tenant-favorable with downtown vacancy around 18% and meaningful concessions available (6–10 months free rent, $35–$55/SF TI on 7-year deals). Industrial space is extremely landlord-favorable due to Intel-driven demand — vacancy below 4%, minimal concessions, and landlords requiring 5–7 year minimum terms. Retail varies by submarket, with Short North and Bridge Park being landlord-favorable trophy locations.